The ruling on shias

[Furkan]

I found the following great article: http://www.chiite.fr/en/islam_02.html

It basically quotes many fatawa of various scholars from past and present and also explains them thoroughly.

But I keep asking myself the following:

How are shias treated by an caliphate/emirate? What are the examples from the past like when the ottomans were at power?

[Husayn]

The Ottomans had to suppress a Shi'i uprising in Eastern Anotalia, inspired and funded by the Safavid Persians.

Generally, though, there weren't that many Rafidis inside Ottoman borders - until the Safavid Persians conquered Iraq and converted alot of the people there.

The Ottomans were generally tolerant though, and Iraq was fairly autonomous for most of its rule.

[Bolani Muslim]

This is a good thread about the Sunni stance towards the Rawafiz. http://www.sunniforum.com/forum/showthread.php?54580-Sunni-view-on-Shiah-Rawafid-Twelvers

[Furkan]

The real question I wanted to ask is, what should be done with murtads? As far as I know, they shouldn't be killed as long as they don't cause anarchy within a country and rebel against the religion of Islam.

In case of extreme shias back then, was jizya an option?