You said:
((I don't believe in those hadiths about Abu Baker and Umar being like Prophets, so why would use them against me.
We are discussing a mutuwatir hadith that we all believe has been narrated.))
We accept what the Imams of Hadith narrate, and they narrated both, so either we accept one and refuse the other like utter hypocrites or both are a Hujjah. Besides where did you get this idea that the only narrations to be used are Mutawatir ones? What innovation is this?
You said:
((When I said take the place of Mohammad, I don't mean Mohammad couldn't have appointed people to rule in different areas. This doesn't mean those people are taking the place of Mohammad.
When Harun took the place of Musa, his leadership wasn't simply that of other appointed people. What is ironic, is that you mentioned that Talut didn't even take place of a Prophet but was a military leader. So you say Talut is not taking a place of a Prophet yet you say companions are by their limited leadership. This is called double standards in your argument.))
It's called stating the facts, you wish for me to change the facts? Besides the Prophet (saw) said: "Whoever obeys the Emir obeys me." Meaning, when he leaves a man in charge, then we are to obey whoever he left in charge. Is the situation comprehensible for you or is it too complicated? The people asked their Prophet to appoint a leader to lead them in battle, he chose one and asked them to obey him, after the battle another Prophet called Dawoud (as) emerged. This does not resemble the Shiite Imamah at all. As for our Prophet (saw), he would also appoint men as his successors when he leaves Madinah, he would appoint men as military leaders, he would appoint men as princes of Hajj etc... What's so abnormal I don't understand. `Ali happened to complain when he was appointed as successor over Madinah, he didn't like it, so the Prophet (saw) comforted him by explaining to him the importance of this task and `Ali was pleased. Too complicated for you? Or is this rare and illogical?
((Harun taking place of Musa was not limited leadership but had divine leadership and Wilayah of Allah.))
Because Haroun (as) was a Prophet, `Ali isn't and thus `Ali had nothing divine about his temporary Wilayah.
You wrote this large paragraph of uselesness:
((Now as for Talut, we have the following statements of Quran:
1. He is of the mustafayoon above the people.
2. He was foremost in knowledge.
3. He was given God's Mulk (ie. God's authority)
4. He was bringing the inheritance of the family of Musa and Harun which had tranquility from God for the people, the Angels bearing it.
5. God through him tried people with a river.
6. Those believers who were steadfast in the trial were "from him/of him" while those who didn't were not.
As for 3, this is the most explicit proof that Talut was a Leader appointed by God with full authority of God, it didn't state, and God gives from his authority who he pleases, but says gives HIS authority to who he pleases, meaning Talut had all of it, he was to be obeyed fully in all his commands and we see that Talut does command people with a spiritual command (ie. don't drink from the river) on behalf of God. We also see believers were from him, and it was emphasized believers were with him. He was also stated to be chosen above them showing he has superior spiritual qualities. He was also stated to bring the Tabut which had tranquility from God to the people and that would be the sign of his authority showing his authority was more then political but even had that as divine sign of it. Furthermore, what the Prophet stated that proves his authority shows ALL Prophets are true kings of humanity that God has risen them kings. This because each is chosen above the people, superior in knowledge, God gives his authority to who he pleases and God is the true King to be obeyed. To say they didn't rule humanity is to say God doesn't rule humanity.))
Did you not see the narration of al-Sadiq above where he said that the man's mission was nothing more than military leadership? And that all those divine orders were not from his own pocket but were the instructions the Prophet of his time gave him? In other words he only obeyed his instructions, he wasn't receiving revelation nor did he have anything special other than being a righteous knowledgeable person. As for the Tabout descending this is because banu israel only believed when they saw miracles, so Allah had to send them a miracles to make them believe, it serves no purpose other than this.
Let me re-quote it:
المجمع والعياشي عن الصادق عليه السلام قال كان الملك في ذلك الزمان هو الذي يسير بالجنود والنبي يقيم له أمره وينبئه بالخبر من عند ربه
In al-Safi, al-Majma` and al-`Ayyashi from al-Sadiq that he said: "In those days the king used to lead the soldiers into battle, whereas the prophet would make sure to keep him on the path and prophesy to him what the Lord reveals."
THIS IS NOT SHIITE IMAMAH! The definition of Imamah as per your scholars is VERY different than this, in fact Islam as a whole never had this system as it was solely for banu Isra'il.
Everything you wrote there is useless filler content, not one solid argument worth an answer.
Here's a guy whom Allah "gave" kingship yet he is a Kafir who argued with Ibrahim (as):
{Have you not considered the one who argued with Abraham about his Lord [merely] because Allah had given him kingship?} [2:258]
((As well, we see Mariam is chosen and part of a chosen family (family of Imran) above the worlds, and so it's not necessarily that you must be a Prophet to be have an exalted status of chosen one.))
And I am chosen to write this forum post to refute you, or do you think we as humans do things that Allah doesn't allow? What was Mariam (as) chosen for? Political leadership? Why the heck are you linking Mariam (as) with `Ali!? Pull yourself together man!
((You stated "except there is no Prophet after me" was just clarification not to compare to a Prophet. But the phrase, the manizalah of Harun to Musa INCLUDES being a Prophet along side Musa. This shows unlike what you stated, it cannot be just about temporal leadership in the event of Tabuk, because if it was only having temporal representation of Harun taking place of Musa, it would not make sense to mention Prophethood as part of that. The fact he mentioned it contrary to what you claim, gives all the other positions that Harun had with Musa.))
I disagree and say that you're wrong and that this phrase is only to clarify for foolish people (there's no shortage of them) that `Ali is not in any way of any divine status rather his successor-ship in Madinah is a temporal one similar to Haroun's (as) temporal leadership, nor did Haroun (as) succeed nor did he rule, heck Harouns (as) never even had authority over the people in the absence of Musa (as), proof is he didn't do anything to prevent the people from worshiping the calf.
I'd have to say, if the Prophet (saw) intended absolute authority and gave the example of Haroun (as) instead of Yusha` (as), then that's a pretty bad choice.
You said:
((This is clear by the sentence structure. For what you said to make sense, he would of said "and there is no Prophet after me", instead of saying "except there is no Prophet after me".))
In Arabic both linguistically imply the same thing so don't bother with this type of argument and don't invent arguments from your pocket.
Also for a person whose talking about sentence structure, you seem to not understand the entire context which is more clearer.
قَالَ: خَلَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ عَلِيًّا فِي أَهْلِهِ حِينَ غَزَا غَزْوَةَ تَبُوكَ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ: مَا مَنَعَهُ أَنْ يُخْرِجَهُ إِلا أَنْ كَرِهَ صُحْبَتَهُ. فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ عَلِيًّا، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، زَعَمَ النَّاسُ أَنَّكَ لَمْ تَخْلُفْنِي إِلا أَنَّكَ كَرِهْتَ صُحْبَتِي
[The Messenger (saw) left behind `Ali in charge of his folks when he conquered Tabouk, so some people said: "He only left him back there as he hated his company." When `Ali heard of this he went to the Prophet (saw) and said: "O Messenger of Allah (saw), the people claimed that you left me only because you detest my company!?"...]
And a couple of similar versions exist where he cries and whatever... SO the Prophet (saw) clarified to him that leaving him behind was not due to any hatred or lack of faith in his ability or due to his small status in his eyes, NO it's because of his trust in `Ali and strong faith just as Musa (as) left behind Haroun (as) at that time.
This for us, isn't an appointment, in fact if we blew the narrations of virtues out of proportion the same way you Shiites do we'd have a couple of successors.
We can take abu `Ubaydah's Hadith:
"For every nation there is a trustee and the trusted person of my nation is abu `Ubaydah."
Or Zubayr's Hadith:
"Every prophet had a disciple and my disciple is al-Zubayr ibn al-`Awwam."
Or `Abbas's Hadith:
"`Abbas is my uncle and a man's uncle is in position of his father."
etc...
All of these can be argued to be texts of appointment.