Verse 13:33 begins with the line, "Is he who is an upholder of every soul by what it has earned....".
This noble verse is pointing to reflect over something very important and obvious to humanity. It doesn't only point to a Creator, but points to Tawheed. What we earned and the reward of it or punishment of it requires an absolute judgement. Aside from the issue of heaven and hell, is that we recognize every soul inherit's it's actions. Everything it has earned is somehow inherited.
On thought it takes an immense supernatural power and system, a spiritual reality, for this to happen.
But aside from this, is that it points to an absolute judge. The absolute judge who perceives beings as they truly are, is necessary, if we were to have an objective inheritance of our actions and earning of what we do. It sees the exact hue of the beauty of it, the exact measurement, the exact value, and for it be a fair, that judgement must apply with fair judgement with respect to the rest of his servants.In other words, there is a standard, a judgement, but we don't know what it is. We see it from a distance but we don't maintain it, cause it, create it.
Now why does it not only point to a Creator, a god, but the God such that they should not associate with him? It's because it reminds us of absolute judgement which can only be absolute perception which can be that of the highest perception and most perfect perception.
The Quran repeats in many places that God sees his servants, but we don't think. This verse is calling out....who upholds and maintains what we have earned.
When remember, we are reminded that only the absolute one knows us truly. "You do not know them but God knows them....". In the truest sense, even the Imam who see our deeds doesn't see us and know us in the full sense of the word.
He intercedes for us, prays for us, but at the end, the reckoning is upon God. Aside from this, is the phrase, "every soul by what it has earned" and the issue of divinity. If there can be gods aside from God, why not make us that? If he can beget himself, why not beget infinite, as that would be the graceful thing to do out of his grace.
Rather we are being tested, and we earn good and evil, precisely, because the creation is unlike God and cannot ascend to his status. We are reckoned and tried and this is obvious to everyone.The highest souls that are possible and most honorable, are ascending and being rewarded through him. They earn their merit, but the merit, their value, is only seen by God. He upholds every soul by what it has earned.
No one else but God can do this. Nothing but the absolute being can make a soul inherit it's merit. This is because it's merit and it's value is known only with respect to Himself. His love and appreciation or value, is not known to others. That value of God, that appreciation of God, to a soul by a praise it has earned, is known to God alone.
It sees the intention as is, while, we don't perceive it. He knows the heart intention, and the secret, and the secret of the secret it, within the action, while we don't.
This is one of the refutations to Atheism, but it also, refutes polytheism.