Great so now you rely on `Umar? I need not remind you that there is a big difference between `Umar saying this and the Prophet (saw). Also notice that `Umar thinks that Ubay is a better reciter than `Ali, do you agree with him on this? I add, that `Umar may have said this after Abu Bakr passed away, which won't serve your purpose much.
Furthermore, if Ronaldo said that Messi is the best striker in the team, this doesn't mean he'll definitely score every time he shoots, it just means he's more likely to score than the others by a certain ratio. Simple enough for you? `Umar's statement cannot handle more than this so don't overload it with your weird conclusions.
Your comparison of Ronaldo and Messi is laughable, because if Imam Ali [as] is indeed the best judge on earth, then it is extremely unlikely that with all the evidences presented to him he wouldn't know the ruling regarding a simple inheritance law and persist on it for years.
Regarding your statement that Umar was only saying this hadith after AB passed away then this is also an ad hoc argument without any proof just conjecture that his hadith was said when AB was in the ground nor do you have any proof that abu bakr was the best judge. Also we shall prove this further as umar is only repeating what the prophet [saw] said.
صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم بعث عليا قاضيا إلى اليمن ، قال : يا رسول اللَّه ، بعثتني أقضي بينهم ، وأنا شاب لا أدري ما القضاء ، فضرب رسول اللَّه صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم في صدره ، وقال : اللَّهم اهده وثبت لسانه ، قال : فوالذي فلق الحبة ما شككت في قضاء بين اثنين ، رواه أبو داود ، والحاكم ، وابن ماجه ، والبزار ، والترمذي ، من طرق عن علي أحسنها رواية البزار عن عمرو بن مرة عن عبد اللَّه بن سلمة عن علي ، وفي إسناده عمرو بن أبي المقدام ، واختلف فيه على عمرو بن مرة ، فرواه شعبة عنه عن أبي البَخْتَري ، قال : حدثني من سمع عليا ، أخرجه أبو يعلى وسنده صحيح
" The prophet [saw] sent Ali [as] as a judge to yemen, so Imam Ali [as] said : Ya Rasulallah send me as the best judge between them since I am a still young and do not know Qadha. So the prophet [saw] hit his chest and said "Oh Allah guide and establish his tongue, then Imam Ali said : by the one who split the seed I did not doubt at all judging between two people.
yuala reported this hadith with a sahih chain.
So Ali [as] tongue is the guided and established by Allah when it comes to judgement!
I checked Tirmidhi's Hadith from abu Qilabah and found nothing from what you mentioned. As for what you quoted by Ibn Qudamah it also doesn't show that this mistake is found in Ibn Qudamah's book.
I'll give you a shortcut so you don't overheat, check Risalat Ibn `Abdul-Hadi Fi Fada'il al-Sahabah. You'll realize that `Ali's addition to abu Qilabah's Hadith is none existant.
You're mistaken, the hadith is found here in his book.
https://www.islamware.com/app/(if the link doesn't take you directly to timirzis book, then the hadith number is 151 in Timirzi's book, if you still need help finding it let me know)
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَجِيدِ حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدٌ الْحَذَّاءُ عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ أَرْحَمُ أُمَّتِي بِأُمَّتِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَأَشَدُّهُمْ فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ عُمَرُ وَأَصْدَقُهُمْ حَيَاءً عُثْمَانُ وَأَقْضَاهُمْ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَأَقْرَؤُهُمْ لِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ أُبَيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ وَأَعْلَمُهُمْ بِالْحَلَالِ وَالْحَرَامِ مُعَاذُ بْنُ جَبَلٍ وَأَفْرَضُهُمْ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ أَلَا وَإِنَّ لِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ أَمِينًا وَأَمِينُ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بْنُ الْجَرَّاحِ حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ عَنْ خَالِدٍ الْحَذَّاءِ عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ مِثْلَهُ عِنْدَ ابْنِ قُدَامَةَ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ يَقُولُ فِي حَقِّ زَيْدٍ وَأَعْلَمُهُمْ بِالْفَرَائِضِ
Both Timirzi as well as Ibn Majah have this hadith with the exact same chain, with Timirzi also having the phrase "Ali is the best judge among them".
Lets go over the chain found in both Ibn Majah and timirzi...
The first narrator Ibn Hajr :
محمد بن المثنى بن عبيد العنزي بفتح النون والزاي أبو موسى البصري ….ثقة ثبت
وى عنه) خ (مائة حديث وثلاثة أحاديث ومسلم سبعمائة واثنتين وسبعين حديثا
The second narrator Ibn Hajr :
عبد الوهاب بن عبد المجيد بن الصلت الثقفي أبو محمد البصري ثقة تغير قبل موته بثلاث سنين
لكنه ما ضر تغيره حديثه فإنه ما حدث بحديث في زمن التغير
The third narrator Zahabi :
الإمام الحافظ الثقة أبو المنازل البصري المشهور بالحذاء ، أحد الأعلام .
The fourth narrator Zahabi
عبد الله بن زيد بن عمرو أو عامر بن ناتل بن مالك ، الإمام ، شيخ الإسلام ، أبو قلابة الجرمي البصري . وجرم بطن من الحاف بن قضاعة ، قدم الشام وانقطع بداريا ، ما علمت متى ولد .
Shaykh Arnout says
إسناده صحيح على شرط البخاري رجاله ثقات رجال الصحيح غير علي بن المديني فمن رجال البخاري
It's chain is authentic upon the conditions of bukhari and their men are thiqaat, rijaal as-sahih except for Ali ibn medini that he is from the men of bukhari.